interface and functionality of a program can be separated, and tools can be built tha t provide assistance to bot h users and developer s of use r interfaces . 15)BACKBORD : Beyon d Retrieval by Reformulatio n John Yen, Robert Neches , and Michael DeBellis . USC/Information Science s Institut e Abstract : Several previou s systems have utilized a retrieval by reformulatio n paradigm for query-base d retrieval from databases . These systems were no t designed to support othe r applications, such a s knowledge base browsing, an d lacked provisions for actin g upon retrieved data . We describe a multi-purpos e browsing interface tha t extends the retrieval b y reformulation paradigm b y (1) providing a set of tool s for knowledge base browsin g and event tracking, (2 ) supporting a genera l mechanism that enable s application-builders t o specify actions applicable t o retrieved data, and (3 ) applying specification b y reformulation, an interfac e paradigm more general tha n retrieval by reformulation, t o actions that involve form s filling . This extends th e paradigm's benefits beyon d database users to bot h developers and users of a wide range o f knowledge-based systems . 16)The UNIX Consultant a s an Intelligent Agen t David Chin . University o f Hawaii at Mano a Abstract : An Intelligen t interface cannot just respon d passively to its user' s commands and queries . I t must be able to take th e initiative in order t o volunteer information, correct user misconceptions, or rejec t unethical user requests . T o do these things, a system mus t be an intelligent agent . UCEgo is the intelligent agen t component of UC (UNIX ) Consultant), a natura l language system that help s the user solve problems i n using the UNIX operatin g system . UCEgo provides U C with its own goals and plans . By adopting different goal s in different situations , UCEgo creates and execute s different plans, enabling it t o interact intelligently with th e user . UCEgo creates an d executes different plans , enabling it to interac t intelligently with the user . UCEgo adopts goals from it s themes, adopts sub-goal s during planning, and adopt s meta-goals for dealing wit h goal interactions . It als o adopts goals when it notice s that the user either lack s necessary knowledge, or ha s incorrect beliefs . In thes e cases, UCEgo plans t o volunteer information o r correct the user' s misconception as appropriate . 17)The User Interface Desig n Environmen t James Foley, Won Chu l Kim, Srdjan Kovacevic , and Kevin Murray . Georg e Washington Universit y Abstract : The user-compute r interface is often the majo r impediment to successful us e of interactive compute r graphics systems . Design o f the interface is often though t of as art rather than science , and suffers from lack o f formalisms, models, tools, an d methodical design approaches . Slowly, the design process i s becoming more structured , and more formal tools ar e becoming available . This paper describes the Use r Interface Design Environmen t (VIDE), a knowledge-base d system to assist in user interface design an d implementation . At the hear t of UIDE is a representatio n of the conceptual design of a user interface . This desig n includes : the class hierarch y of objects which exist in th e system (only singl e inheritance is currentl y supported), properties of th e objects, actions which can b e performed on the objects , units of informatio n required by the actions, an d pre- and post-conditions fo r the actions . The conceptua l design and relate d information is used to : chec k the interface design fo r consistency and completenes s via the Knowledg e Acquisition In a Man-machin e Interface system (KAIMI) , transform the knowledg e base, and hence the use r interface it represents into a different bu t functionally-equivalen t interface via th e Transformation Algorithm s system (TA), evaluate th e interface design with respec t to speed of use, with th e keystroke Analysis Tool a s input to a Simple Use r Interface Management Syste m (SUIMS) which implement s the user interface , automatically generat e intelligent run-time help t o the end-user via the Hel p Support system (HS), an d produce a printed descriptio n of the design in the Interfac e Definition Language (IDL) . IDL has been developed t o present the conceptual desig n of the user interface in a structured and readabl e representation . UIDE goes beyond th e capabilities of the typica l User Interface Managemen t System (UIMS), whic h requires the designer to wor k at the syntactic and lexica l levels of design and hence t o focus on command names , screen and icon design, men u organization, sequencin g SIGCIII Bulletin July 1988 Volume 20 Number 1

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