n Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace, James J. O'Donnell, a Pro fessor of Classical Studies and Vice Provost for Information Systems and Computing at the University of Pennsylvania, interprets new communications technologies and their social effects by comparing the present moment to a series of earlier, historically congruent moments of technological transition. The book is informally divided into two parts: the first five chapters present a number of historical snapshots, each of which is subsequently related to technological changes in our own time, and the last four chapters discuss college-level teaching and learning in the context of new communications technologies (p. x). Both parts offer a number of opportunities for reflection. Four brief textual interludes called "hyperlinks" are scattered throughout the book, and allow O'Donnell to pursue ideas generated in the main discussion (i.e., texual instability, nonlinearity, ownership of ideas, and teaching). O'Donnell's reading of various moments of technological transition, from speech to writing (on papyrus), from writing to the codex book, from manuscript to movable type, attempts to show how the "new" has always depended on the "old" for its identity. In the case of the Internet, for example, O'Donnell says that some of
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