A Bound on the Shift Function in Terms of the Busy Beaver Functio n Bryant A. Julstrom Department of Computer Scienc e St . Cloud State University St . Cloud, Minnesota 5630 1 julstrom@eeyore .stcloud .msus .ed u July 31, 199 2 Abstrac t The Busy Beaver function E(n) is the maximum number of 1's a halting n-stat e Turing machine may leave on an initially blank tape . The shift function S(n) is the maximum number of moves such a machine may make before it halts . This pape r shows that S(n) < E(20n), then uses this result to prove that both E(n) and S(n) are non-computable and their non-computability is equivalent to the undecidability of th e halting problem . Demonstrations that several other functions are also non-computable apply a construction used in the proof of the bound on S(n) . 1 Introductio n A classic problem in Turing machine theory is the Busy Beaver problem, which Tibor Rad o described in 1962 . Rado considered Turing machines of n states (not counting the halt state ) which conform to these restrictions : o The tape is infinite in both directions . e The tape
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