The 18 glycosyl hydrolase family of chitinases is an ancient gene family that is widely expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In mammals, despite the absence of endogenous chitin, a number of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (C//CLPs) have been identified. However, their roles have only recently begun to be elucidated. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) inhibits chitin-induced innate inflammation; augments chitin-free, allergen-induced Th2 inflammation; and mediates effector functions of IL-13. The CLPs BRP-39//YKL-40 (also termed chitinase 3-like 1) inhibit oxidant-induced lung injury, augments adaptive Th2 immunity, regulates apoptosis, stimulates alternative macrophage activation, and contributes to fibrosis and wound healing. In accord with these findings, levels of YKL-40 in the lung and serum are increased in asthma and other inflammatory and remodeling disorders and often correlate with disease severity. Our understanding of the roles of C//CLPs in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and tissue injury in health and disease is reviewed below.
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Role of Chitin and Chitinase//Chitinase-Like Proteins in Inflammation, Tissue Remodeling, and Injury
Lee, Chun Geun; Da Silva, Carla A.; Dela Cruz, Charles S.; Ahangari, Farida; Ma, Bing; Kang, Min-Jong; He, Chuan-Hua; Takyar, Seyedtaghi; Elias, Jack A.
Follow Annual Review of Physiology
, Volume 73
Annual Reviews – Mar 17, 2011
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