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I Abbreviations used: CNS, Central Nervous System; MSH, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone; CPH, Carboxypeptidase H; CRF, Corticotropin Releasing Factor; LHRH, Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor. 2To whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. 0066-4154/86/0701-0773$02.00 LYNCH & SNYDER PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY In the past 15 years the number of polypeptides proposed as neurotransmitters has grown from several to more than 50. While it is not clear exactly how many peptide neurotransmitters there are, and the evidence that many of those discovered are transmitters is not complete, it is clear that the discovery of the large number of putative peptide neurotransmitters greatly increases our un derstanding of synaptic transmission. Neuropeptides and receptors for them have been found in all regions of the brain and in animals in all areas of the evolutionary scale. Perhaps the most interesting observation about peptide neurotransmitters is that each one may exist in a variety of forms. The opioid peptide enkephalins were first characterized in two forms, leu-enkephalin (tyr-gly-gly-phe-Ieu) and met-enkephalin (tyr-gly-gly-phe-met) (1). Now there are at least nine endogenous peptides with opiate activity, all of which contain a met-enkephalin or leu-enkephalin sequence at their amino terminus. Cholecystokinin has been isolated in at least five
Annual Review of Biochemistry – Annual Reviews
Published: Jul 1, 1986
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