Influenza is still a major epidemic disease of man. Influenza A viruses are found in man and in animals, while B and C viruses are found only in man. Influenza A viruses are unique among infectious agents infecting man in their ability to undergo variation; every 10--30 years antigenically new viruses appear (antigenic shifts) and cause major pandemics of disease. In the interim periods, minor antigenic changes (antigenic drift) occur and cause epidemics of disease. Influenza B viruses show only the second kind of variation-antigenic drift-and influenza C is isolated only occasionally. 0066-4197/78/121 S-041 S$Ol.00 WEBSTER & BEAN Influenza viruses also vary in virulence and transmissibility; for example, the pandemic of man in 1918 was directly, or indirectly, responsible for 20 million deaths in people worldwide, whereas another pandemic at the end of the 19th century caused by a virus (H3Neq2) related to the Hong Kong/68 strain (H3N2) caused low mortality. In horses and pigs, influenza takes the form of an acute infectious respiratory disease of high morbidity and low mortality, while in domestic poultry and wild birds influenza may vary from an asymptomatic infection to a rapidly fatal disease of a more generalized nature. While some information
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Genetics of Influenza Virus
Webster, R G; Bean, W J
Follow Annual Review of Genetics
, Volume 12 (1)
Annual Reviews – Dec 1, 1978
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