Surface-Localized Spermidine Protects the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane from Antibiotic Treatment and Oxidative Stress Lori Johnson , Heidi Mulcahy , Uliana Kanevets , Yan Shi and Shawn Lewenza Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada ABSTRACT Extracellular DNA acts as a cation chelator and induces the expression of antibiotic resistance genes regulated by Mg 2+ levels. Here we report the characterization of novel DNA-induced genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are annotated as homologs of the spermidine synthesis genes speD ( PA4773 ) and speE ( PA4774 ). The addition of sublethal concentrations of DNA and membrane-damaging antibiotics induced expression of the genes PA4773 to PA4775 , as shown using transcriptional lux fusions and quantitative RT-PCR. Exogenous polyamine addition prevented DNA- and peptide-mediated gene induction. Mutation of PA4774 resulted in an increased outer membrane (OM) susceptibility phenotype upon polymyxin B, CP10A, and gentamicin treatment. When the membrane-localized fluorescent probe C 11 -BODIPY 581/591 was used as an indicator of peroxidation of membrane lipids, the PA4774 :: lux mutant demonstrated an increased susceptibility to oxidative membrane damage from H 2 O 2 treatment. Addition of exogenous polyamines protected the membranes of the PA4774 :: lux mutant from polymyxin B and H 2 O 2 treatment. Polyamines from the outer surface were isolated and shown to contain putrescine and spermidine by using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The PA4774 :: lux mutant did not produce spermidine on the cell surface, but genetic complementation restored surface spermidine production as well as the antibiotic and oxidative stress resistance phenotypes of the membrane. We have identified new functions for spermidine on the cell surface and propose that polyamines are produced under Mg 2+ -limiting conditions as an organic polycation to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to stabilize and protect the outer membrane against antibiotic and oxidative damage.
Surface-Localized Spermidine Protects the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane from Antibiotic Treatment and Oxidative Stress
Abstract
Surface-Localized Spermidine Protects the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane from Antibiotic Treatment and Oxidative Stress Lori Johnson , Heidi Mulcahy , Uliana Kanevets , Yan Shi and Shawn Lewenza Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada ABSTRACT Extracellular DNA acts as a cation chelator and induces the expression of antibiotic resistance genes regulated by Mg 2+ levels. Here we report the characterization of novel DNA-induced genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are annotated as homologs of the spermidine synthesis genes speD ( PA4773 ) and speE ( PA4774 ). The addition of sublethal concentrations of DNA and membrane-damaging antibiotics induced expression of the genes PA4773 to PA4775 , as shown using transcriptional lux fusions and quantitative RT-PCR. Exogenous polyamine addition prevented DNA- and peptide-mediated gene induction. Mutation of PA4774 resulted in an increased outer membrane (OM) susceptibility phenotype upon polymyxin B, CP10A, and gentamicin treatment. When the membrane-localized fluorescent probe C 11 -BODIPY 581/591 was used as an indicator of peroxidation of membrane lipids, the PA4774 :: lux mutant demonstrated an increased susceptibility to oxidative membrane damage from H 2 O 2 treatment. Addition of exogenous polyamines protected the membranes of the PA4774 :: lux mutant from polymyxin B and H 2 O 2 treatment. Polyamines from the outer surface were isolated and shown to contain putrescine and spermidine by using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The PA4774 :: lux mutant did not produce spermidine on the cell surface, but genetic complementation restored surface spermidine production as well as the antibiotic and oxidative stress resistance phenotypes of the membrane. We have identified new functions for spermidine on the cell surface and propose that polyamines are produced under Mg 2+ -limiting conditions as an organic polycation to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to stabilize and protect the outer membrane against antibiotic and oxidative damage.Preview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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Surface-Localized Spermidine Protects the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane from Antibiotic Treatment and Oxidative Stress
Johnson, Lori; Mulcahy, Heidi; Kanevets, Uliana; Shi, Yan; Lewenza, Shawn
Follow Journal of Bacteriology
, Volume 194 (4): 813
American Society For Microbiology – Feb 15, 2012
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