Mutation of the NADH Oxidase Gene ( nox ) Reveals an Overlap of the Oxygen- and Acid-Mediated Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans Adam M. Derr b , Roberta C. Faustoferri a , Matthew J. Betzenhauser c , Kaisha Gonzalez b , Robert E. Marquis a , b and Robert G. Quivey Jr. a , b a Center for Oral Biology b Department of Microbiology and Immunology c University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA ABSTRACT NADH oxidase (Nox) is a flavin-containing enzyme used by Streptococcus mutans to reduce dissolved oxygen encountered during growth in the oral cavity. In this study, we characterized the role of the NADH oxidase in the oxidative and acid stress responses of S. mutans . A nox -defective mutant strain of S. mutans and its parental strain, the genomic type strain UA159, were exposed to various oxygen concentrations at pH values of 5 and 7 to better understand the adaptive mechanisms used by the organism to withstand environmental pressures. With the loss of nox , the activities of oxygen stress response enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione oxidoreductase were elevated compared to those in controls, resulting in a greater adaptation to oxygen stress. In contrast, the loss of nox led to a decreased ability to grow in a low-pH environment despite an increased resistance to severe acid challenge. Analysis of the membrane fatty acid composition revealed that for both the nox mutant and UA159 parent strain, growth in an oxygen-rich environment resulted in high proportions of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, independent of external pH. The data indicate that S. mutans membrane fatty acid composition is responsive to oxidative stress, as well as changes in environmental pH, as previously reported (E. M. Fozo and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 :929–936, 2004). The heightened ability of the nox strain to survive acidic and oxidative environmental stress suggests a multifaceted response system that is partially dependent on oxygen metabolites.
Mutation of the NADH Oxidase Gene (nox) Reveals an Overlap of the Oxygen- and Acid-Mediated Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans
Abstract
Mutation of the NADH Oxidase Gene ( nox ) Reveals an Overlap of the Oxygen- and Acid-Mediated Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans Adam M. Derr b , Roberta C. Faustoferri a , Matthew J. Betzenhauser c , Kaisha Gonzalez b , Robert E. Marquis a , b and Robert G. Quivey Jr. a , b a Center for Oral Biology b Department of Microbiology and Immunology c University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA ABSTRACT NADH oxidase (Nox) is a flavin-containing enzyme used by Streptococcus mutans to reduce dissolved oxygen encountered during growth in the oral cavity. In this study, we characterized the role of the NADH oxidase in the oxidative and acid stress responses of S. mutans . A nox -defective mutant strain of S. mutans and its parental strain, the genomic type strain UA159, were exposed to various oxygen concentrations at pH values of 5 and 7 to better understand the adaptive mechanisms used by the organism to withstand environmental pressures. With the loss of nox , the activities of oxygen stress response enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione oxidoreductase were elevated compared to those in controls, resulting in a greater adaptation to oxygen stress. In contrast, the loss of nox led to a decreased ability to grow in a low-pH environment despite an increased resistance to severe acid challenge. Analysis of the membrane fatty acid composition revealed that for both the nox mutant and UA159 parent strain, growth in an oxygen-rich environment resulted in high proportions of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, independent of external pH. The data indicate that S. mutans membrane fatty acid composition is responsive to oxidative stress, as well as changes in environmental pH, as previously reported (E. M. Fozo and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 :929–936, 2004). The heightened ability of the nox strain to survive acidic and oxidative environmental stress suggests a multifaceted response system that is partially dependent on oxygen metabolites.Preview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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Mutation of the NADH Oxidase Gene (nox) Reveals an Overlap of the Oxygen- and Acid-Mediated Stress Responses in Streptococcus mutans
Derr, Adam M.; Faustoferri, Roberta C.; Betzenhauser, Matthew J.; Gonzalez, Kaisha; Marquis, Robert E.; Quivey, Robert G.
Follow Applied and Environmental Microbiology
, Volume 78 (4): 1215
American Society For Microbiology – Feb 15, 2012
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