Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection Jasmine Samal , Manish Kandpal and Perumal Vivekanandan Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India SUMMARY Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complex clinical entity frequently associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The persistence of HBV genomes in the absence of detectable surface antigenemia is termed occult HBV infection. Mutations in the surface gene rendering HBsAg undetectable by commercial assays and inhibition of HBV by suppression of viral replication and viral proteins represent two fundamentally different mechanisms that lead to occult HBV infections. The molecular mechanisms underlying occult HBV infections, including recently identified mechanisms associated with the suppression of HBV replication and inhibition of HBV proteins, are reviewed in detail. The availability of highly sensitive molecular methods has led to increased detection of occult HBV infections in various clinical settings. The clinical relevance of occult HBV infection and the utility of appropriate diagnostic methods to detect occult HBV infection are discussed. The need for specific guidelines on the diagnosis and management of occult HBV infection is being increasingly recognized; the aspects of mechanistic studies that warrant further investigation are discussed in the final section.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Abstract
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection Jasmine Samal , Manish Kandpal and Perumal Vivekanandan Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India SUMMARY Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complex clinical entity frequently associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The persistence of HBV genomes in the absence of detectable surface antigenemia is termed occult HBV infection. Mutations in the surface gene rendering HBsAg undetectable by commercial assays and inhibition of HBV by suppression of viral replication and viral proteins represent two fundamentally different mechanisms that lead to occult HBV infections. The molecular mechanisms underlying occult HBV infections, including recently identified mechanisms associated with the suppression of HBV replication and inhibition of HBV proteins, are reviewed in detail. The availability of highly sensitive molecular methods has led to increased detection of occult HBV infections in various clinical settings. The clinical relevance of occult HBV infection and the utility of appropriate diagnostic methods to detect occult HBV infection are discussed. The need for specific guidelines on the diagnosis and management of occult HBV infection is being increasingly recognized; the aspects of mechanistic studies that warrant further investigation are discussed in the final section.Preview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Samal, Jasmine; Kandpal, Manish; Vivekanandan, Perumal
Follow Clinical Microbiology Reviews
, Volume 25 (1): 142
American Society For Microbiology – Jan 1, 2012
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