Stigma marks someone as different from others, leading to devaluation of that person. A social construction, stigma occurs within relationships. In his classic 1963 description, Goffman (1) defines stigma as "an attribute that is deeply discrediting," where a person is diminished "from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one." Shifting from a focus on individual traits, subsequent formulations have identified certain psychosocial processes that lead to stigmatization. These include labeling, stereotyping, separating, status loss, and discrimination in a context of power imbalance (2). Stigma affects people adversely. Academic achievement is lower for members of stigmatized groups as compared with nonstigmatized groups, and members of stigmatized groups are at greater risk for both mental and physical diseases (3). Patients with mental illnesses are stigmatized and suffer adverse consequences such as increased social isolation, limited life chances, and decreased access to treatment (4–6). In addition to poorer social functioning as assessed by housing and employment status (7), those with the stigma of mental illness also encounter a significant barrier to obtaining general medical care (8) and to recovery from mental illness (9). As stated by Chin and Balon (10), "The added burden that stigma imposes on the
Stigma in Mental Health Care
Abstract
Stigma marks someone as different from others, leading to devaluation of that person. A social construction, stigma occurs within relationships. In his classic 1963 description, Goffman (1) defines stigma as "an attribute that is deeply discrediting," where a person is diminished "from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one." Shifting from a focus on individual traits, subsequent formulations have identified certain psychosocial processes that lead to stigmatization. These include labeling, stereotyping, separating, status loss, and discrimination in a context of power imbalance (2). Stigma affects people adversely. Academic achievement is lower for members of stigmatized groups as compared with nonstigmatized groups, and members of stigmatized groups are at greater risk for both mental and physical diseases (3). Patients with mental illnesses are stigmatized and suffer adverse consequences such as increased social isolation, limited life chances, and decreased access to treatment (4–6). In addition to poorer social functioning as assessed by housing and employment status (7), those with the stigma of mental illness also encounter a significant barrier to obtaining general medical care (8) and to recovery from mental illness (9). As stated by Chin and Balon (10), "The added burden that stigma imposes on thePreview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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Stigma in Mental Health Care
Ping Tsao, Carol I.; Tummala, Aruna; Roberts, Laura Weiss
Follow Academic Psychiatry
, Volume 32 (2): 70
American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc (Journal) – Apr 1, 2008
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