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Effect of Various Dissolved Substances on Porcelain Slip ( a Colloidal Solution of Particles of Clay, Flint, and Feldspar in Water ).—(1) Effect on compactness of deposit produced by an electric current . It was found that the addition of only from 0.1 to 0.3 per cent. of any one of a number of substances, including Na 2 Si O 3 , Na 2 S O 4 , Na 3 P O 4 , Na 2 HP O 4 , H tartrate, Na tartrate, NaOH and KOH, resulted in a deposit which, though not quite dry, was solid instead of being semi-liquid. The compactness does not depend on the current density. As the amount of substance added is increased, the compactness increases less and less and soon reaches a limiting value. The full effect of the substance does not appear at once but only after a period which varies up to several hours. (2) Effect on the fluidity of the slip is to increase it markedly. From the relative action of different substances this effect is intimately related to the first one. Although the result of adding the substance is first to precipitate some of the particles, when more solid material is added the precipitate is redissolved so that for the same fluidity the proportion of solid dissolved is much greater with the added substance than without. (3) Suggested explanation . Both effects may be explained if we assume that the radii of the spheres of action of the particles of the slip are diminished by the dissolved substance. Particles will go into colloidal solution if no combinations result from encounters. This property is expressed in terms of the interfacial surface tension of the particles. The equations of distribution of colloidal particles under the action of gravity are obtained and with their help an explanation of the effect mentioned above, the precipitation and re-solution of the particles of the slip, is suggested. From a consideration of the experimental results it is concluded that the volume of the spheres of action of a particle in porcelain slip is about double the actual volume of the particle.
Physical Review – American Physical Society (APS)
Published: Sep 1, 1922
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