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Using the Heisenberg operator approach, we have calculated the emission rate of a multilevel atom whose transitions involve both upper- and lower-state splittings. The emission rate is first calculated by a frequently used power-flow expression and is shown to exhibit lower-state beats. This power-flow expression requires care in its interpretation because it does not account for the measurement process. We then derive an alternative, detection-oriented emission rate and show that lower-state beats are not observable in a photodetection experiment.
Physical Review A – American Physical Society (APS)
Published: Dec 1, 1976
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