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interactions between necrophagous larvae under a predator-prey perspective, using as a model the predatory species Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and three species of prey: Lucilia ...
– and a large suborbital ridge to avoid sun glare. This may explain the protruding binocular field and the wide blind area above the head. By contrast, species from the two other groups have long but narrow bills ...
group , preferred habitat and domestication affected the capacity of the oxygen pathway to support high levels of aerobic performance by carnivorous mammals. Fear responses associated with anthropogenic ...
of collection (Mitton & McDonald, 1994), and all trials were conducted within 48 h of capture. Data collection We collected data from a total of 357 escape trials across three goby species (S. stimpsoni juveniles ...
Italy). Twenty wild boar belonging to ten family groups were ear tagged with a radio device. We located resting sites daily and used intensive tracking sessions during drive hunts. Three seasons were ...
evolved a peculiar slow run. Surprisingly, the team also realised that,over time, three groups of lizards that had taken up stalking had later lost the walking knack, and reverted to sitting and waiting ...
while the group was turning, splitting, or surrounding the predator [7]. In airborne flocks of birds, the only pattern of collective escape that has been studied in detail is the agitation wave: a dark ...
not produce stress hormones when chased , while their relatives living in areas with a high predation pressure did. Restraining the iguanas caused a huge increase in corticosteroids in all groups , indicating ...
that if prey can appropriately identify a predation risk they can optimize their escape response. Materials and methods Study species The whitetail damselfish (Pomacentridae) is a rubble-associated planktivore ...
–6]. The hierarchy is often (near) linear in small groups of up to 10 individuals in a wide range of species , including mammals, fish, birds, crustacean and insects [1, 7]. Yet, what proximate ...
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