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was estimated to be about 100 Å. The distribution of the distance between the parent positive ion and the thermalized electron in the isolated spur was well expressed by the function proposed by Abell ...
In chemically amplified resists used for ionizing radiation such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, secondary electrons play an important role in acid generation. In particular, the electron ...
We develop a statistical theory of secondary -emission discharge (SED) taking the energy distribution of secondary electrons into account. The theory allows one to describe quantitatively the initial ...
It is shown that the generation of secondary electrons by excited neutrals hitting a surface makes the so-called probe method unsuited for measuring the positive ion fraction in laser ablation plumes ...
. An important factor, the distance that secondary electrons maintain their kinetic energy, was numerically obtained from a derived approximation formula and a Monte Carlo code. ...
current and gap voltage by varying gas temperature, flux of thermally desorpted electrons and secondary electron emission coefficients. The discharge is characterized by evaluation of the most important ...
that because a gap is present in the excitation spectrum of He-II the thermalization time of muons and secondary electrons increases with decreasing temperature. As a result, the average distance in the electron ...
. This structural change could explain some apparent anomalies experimentally observed in the radiolysis of water at elevated temperatures. These include the thermalization distance of secondary subexcitation ...
of simulations have to be performed by researchers. In this work, we have simulated defocus images of a SiC nanowire in TEM with the method of electron optics. Mean inner potential and charge distribution ...
of the spatial distributions of the free radicals produced after exposure of ammonium tartrate crystals to various radiation beams (60Co gamma photons and thermal neutrons) were reported. Electron spin resonance ...
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