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} \sum_j z_j N_j + \sum_n Z_n = 0 . \end{equation} (9) Equations (2)–(5) and (8) constitute the framework for the Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation. The PB equation is invariant under the following weak gauge ...
probability of lengths with observations from the length frequency sample ( yj2 ). Estimates of age composition for that year (i.e. probabilities P^i2 ) can then be obtained using the invariance principle ...
shifts in ppm were calculated relative to TMS as an internal standard using the gauge - invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method, which computes the absolute chemical shielding owing to the electronic ...
that there is a solution to the functional equation $$\mu = M(\mu) + \nu$$. This part of the proof also uses the partition of the feasible set of debt structures between $$S_R(e_t,z_t)$$ and $$S_K(e_t,z_t)$$, because ...
that engender multiple equilibria and may prevent an analytical solution in the self-enforcing agreements model ( Barrett, 1997a ; McGinty, 2007 ). Since that model's key prediction is the number of treaty ...
readiness levels (Manic et al. 2016; Wang and Jiang 2016). That is, using historical data and simulations, the software would predict likely changes to readiness that would help the secretary of the defense ...
frictions or the distortions caused by them. Instead, they capture the response of the institutional and legal environment to their prevalence. Very few studies directly quantify agency conflicts using unique ...
the vehicle maneuvering and stability performance observed in field trials and compares the results to predicted performance using theoretical and empirical techniques. P3.48ANDREWS, A.L.*, HATLE, J. D ...
Abstract Using matched borrower-lender data, we document strong nonprice supplier effects in mortgage contract choice. For given relative price of adjustable and fixed rate mortgages, households ...
and loss in these two genera, we polarized indels (as predicted by GATK; see Materials and Methods) for both K. drynarioides and G. kirkii using the Go. raimondii genome to represent the ancestral state ...
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