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About 60 years after the discovery of the Josephson effect, electrical DC voltage calibrations are routinely performed worldwide—mostly using automated Josephson voltage standards (JVSs ...
standards on the basis of pulse-driven arrays and single flux quantum-based voltage multipliers are briefly summarized. Keywords: conventional and programmable Josephson voltage standards , SIS Josephson series ...
A precision comparison between the Josephson series - array voltage standards of the Danish Institute of Fundamental Metrology (DFM) and of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has been made ...
The design and operation of large Josephson series arrays as a precise potentiometer or voltage standard are described. The reproducibility of the voltage measurement at room temperature is mainly ...
. Meanwhile, highly integrated series arrays containing more than 10 000 or even 300 000 junctions have been developed and fabricated for output voltages up to 10 V. Josephson voltage standards are nowadays ...
Josephson voltage standards with series arrays of up to 20 000 tunnel junctions can generate stable reference voltages at arbitrary values between - 15 V and + 15 V. These standards , which are now ...
operation of SNIS Josephson arrays for AC Voltage standards A Sosso , N De Leo, M Fretto, E Monticone, L Roncaglione, R Rocci and V Lacquaniti INRiM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle ...
Series arrays of 1440 Josephson tunnel junctions were fabricated out of Nb/AN-oxide/Nb- and Nb/NbN/MgO/NbN/Nb-sandwiches The arrays provide microwave-induced constant voltage steps of at least one ...
voltage junctions has never been measured with high precision . standards [1]. The precision of these voltage standards was checked by a comparison of two arrays at the 1 V level using ...
measurements under pulse irradiation are presented. 1. Introduction Josephson junction series arrays are world-wide used for precision measurements and as primary DC voltage standards ...
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