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consider the building in 1932 of the first compound instruments as the starting point for electron microscopy. HISTORICAL Electron microscopy had its inception in the recognition of the optical properties ...
Homogeneous dielectric media models are considered when calculating nonlinaer optical molecular porperties using correlated electronic structure response methods. Homogeneous dielectric media models ...
The historical background and recent progress in the development of organic electronics and photonic crystals, particularly tunable photonic crystals realized by combining photonic crystal structure ...
, sorption of and ume the fiber at zero micrometer, Historical of electron regain. glossmeter, photo- background Do and Dr are the true ds of the fiber meter. graphic density Calbick. J. optics . C. J. Ap ...
& Roberto Bugini Received: 29 February 2008 /Accepted: 10 September 2008 / Published online: 7 October 2008 # Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract Materials and methods Samples of black crusts collected Background ...
are discussed with some historical background to place the current activity in perspective. Basic types of holograms are described together with their properties. Applications in optical image formation include ...
have been exploited for enhancing linear and nonlinear optical phenomena and reaching out to a broad spectrum of diverse applications, from electron generation to water vaporization. Starting ...
distance of the electron from the optic axis. The direction of the force depends on the azimuthal angle and changes its sign every 60 angular degrees, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 4. Therefore ...
Background The science of wood anatomy has evolved in recent decades to add archaeological and historical wood to its repertoire of documenting and characterizing modern and fossil woods ...
, and their resulting circularly polarized Bremsstrahlung, might interact asymmetrically with organic matter to yield optically active products. The historical background to this subject is briefly reviewed. Our ...
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