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I. INTRODUCTION The fact that millions of Muslims now voluntarily stay in European countries whose majority population is non-Muslim, presents a new situation for Islam.' Most of them were born and grew up in Europe, or at least intend to stay here permanently. The former idea of merely a temporary stay for work or educational reasons turned out to be an illusion. Therefore, the days of provisionary solutions in the organization of indi- vidual and social life are over. More and more Muslims are reflecting on their identity and their status in European societies. Until now, many Muslims in Europe have tended to seek practical solutions for organizing their lives in accordance with the demands of European legal orders and Islamic religious commands. It is only within the last few years that Muslims have also tried to formulate theoretical statements to clarify their positions and possible conflicts between legal and religious rules, and to find adequate solutions for such conflicts. Furthermore, a considerable number of Muslims are not particularly interested in per- forming religious practices, while not denying their Muslim identity as such. Others are attached to sufi beliefs and practices, considering the 'superficial' rules of mediaeval fiqb
European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2003
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