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Responses to Human Rights Criticism: Kenya―Norway and Indonesia―the Netherlands

Responses to Human Rights Criticism: Kenya―Norway and Indonesia―the Netherlands ,and Introdnction In the early 1990s, two particular cases of disrupted relations between donor countries and recipients have raised the issue of aid conditionality with respect to human rights observance. The cases refer to the relationship between Norway and Kenya, and that between the Netherlands and Indonesia. The culmination of tension in these relationships occurred in the same period - between 1990 and 1992, respectively. In both cases, it was the receiving countries that ended the aid relationship. For these and other reasons, the two cases appear to lend themselves to comparison. The Rise of Conditionality in Aid Relations Aid conditionality in its overt form was first brought onto the agenda by the Bretton Woods institutions with regard to short-term economic stabilization and long-term structural adjustment.' The notion later spread beyond the economic sphere to political liberalization, good governance and human rights, and further to environmental concerns.2 This change of attitude constituted a departure from previous practice, when aid was extended, in principle, on the terms of the recipient countries. This was the ideal posture by many donors in the 1960s and 1970s, even well into the 1980s.3 Gradually, the donors had come to realize by the late http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Human Rights in Development Online Brill

Responses to Human Rights Criticism: Kenya―Norway and Indonesia―the Netherlands

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Publisher
Brill
Copyright
Copyright © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
ISSN
0801-8049
eISSN
2211-6087
DOI
10.1163/221160895X00051
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

,and Introdnction In the early 1990s, two particular cases of disrupted relations between donor countries and recipients have raised the issue of aid conditionality with respect to human rights observance. The cases refer to the relationship between Norway and Kenya, and that between the Netherlands and Indonesia. The culmination of tension in these relationships occurred in the same period - between 1990 and 1992, respectively. In both cases, it was the receiving countries that ended the aid relationship. For these and other reasons, the two cases appear to lend themselves to comparison. The Rise of Conditionality in Aid Relations Aid conditionality in its overt form was first brought onto the agenda by the Bretton Woods institutions with regard to short-term economic stabilization and long-term structural adjustment.' The notion later spread beyond the economic sphere to political liberalization, good governance and human rights, and further to environmental concerns.2 This change of attitude constituted a departure from previous practice, when aid was extended, in principle, on the terms of the recipient countries. This was the ideal posture by many donors in the 1960s and 1970s, even well into the 1980s.3 Gradually, the donors had come to realize by the late

Journal

Human Rights in Development Online – Brill

Published: Jan 1, 1995

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