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Country correspondent: Arthur Manase; BL (Hans), LLB (UZ), LLM (Cambridge); Executive Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Zimbabwe ( 1) BASIC FACTS Independence: 18 April 1980, former British colony known as Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia .. , Leader: Robert Mugabe, born 1924, in power since 1980, president since 1988 Capital: Harare (main international airport) Other major cities: Bulawayo, Gweru, Mutare Area: 390 759 km Population: 13,5 mn (2002) Population growth: 2,1% Urbanisation: 32% (1995) Languages: English (official), Shona, Ndebele, Tonga, Venda HDI rank: 117 ( 1999) Life expectancy at birth: 43 years ( 1999) Adult literacy rate: 88% (1999) Gross enrolment ratio (all educational levels): 65% (1999) GNP: $5.9 bn GNP/capita: $540 (1995) GDP (average annual growth rate): 0,5% (2000-02) Foreign debt: The balance of payments deficit in 2001 was US$625 million, compared with a zero balance in 1999 and a deficit of $1 71 mn in 2000 Development aid: $449 mn (1995); as %of GNP: 1,2% (2001) Currency: Zimbabwe dollar (Z$) Comments: With the exception of South Africa, landlocked Zimbabwe has for many years had the most diversified economy in sub-Saharan Africa. Exports come from agriculture (especially tobacco and cotton), mining (including gold, nickel, asbestos, copper and chromium)
Human Rights Law in Africa Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2004
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