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Country correspondent: Mu/uberhan Berhe Hagos; LLB (University of Asmara), LLM (Human Rights and Constitutional Practice) (Pretoria); High Court Judge and Adjunct Lecturer at the University of Asmara ( 1) BASIC FACTS Independence: 24 May 1993, former Ethiopian province and Italian colony Leader: lssaias Afewerki, born 1945, president since May 1993 Capital: Asmara (main international airport) Other major cities: Massawa (main seaport), Assab (seaport) Area: 1 21 320 km Population: 3,8 mn (1997) Population growth: 3,8% Urbanisation: 17% (1995) Languages: Tigrinya, Arabic, English, Tigre, Bilen, Kunama, Saho, Nara, Italian, Afar, Hidarb HDI rank: 148 (1999) Life expectancy at birth: 57 years (2002) Adult literacy rate: 25% (1999) Gross enrolment ratio (all educational levels): 26% (1999) GNP: $800 mn GDP (average annual growth rate): 7% Foreign debt: $75 mn (1995); as %of GNP: 75% Development aid: $77 mn (1999) Currency: Nakfa Comments: Eritrea obtained de facto independence from Ethiopia after a 30 year long armed struggle on 24 May 1991, and de jure independence on 24 May 1993. After a new currency was introduced, war broke out between Eritrea and Ethiopia on 8 May 1998, sparked by a border conflict. Peace was restored in 2000, but relations remain tense. (2) COUNTRY
Human Rights Law in Africa Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2004
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