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I. OVERVIEW 1. "The state of the world's seas and oceans is deteriorating. Most of the problems identified decades ago still elude resolution, and many are worsening."' 2. The pollution of the seas and oceans, which has caused great concern but was overshadowed by other threats such as the exhaustion of stocks and the destruc- tion of habitats, has returned to the forefront of international concern. Pollution generally enters the sea from coastal industries and sewage systems. It also comes from inland industries via rivers and the air. The sewage pollution of the seas has become a great health hazard through contamination of seafood and degradation of coastal water quality. Such pollution also has detrimental economic effects as it ruins large areas for recreation and tourism. 3. Among other activities giving rise to concern, which not only hinder the process of sustainable development but also endanger the delicate legal balance struck in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),2 are the fisheries, including the overexploitation of stocks, the by-catch and discards, as well as the major changes in the shipping industry, which is showing the effect of the globalization of trade. 4. More than
Ocean Yearbook Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2003
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