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ARTICLES ILTER TURAN (Istanbul, Turkey) ATATÜRK'S REFORMS AS A NATION AND STATE B UILDING PROCESS* The reforms introduced by Kemal Ataturk after the founding of the Turkish Republic have often been identified as parts of a broad policy of rapid Westernization. During the inter-war period, outside observers of this transformation viewed it with . favor; Turkish observers defended it. Evaluation rather than analysis marked their approach. What aspects of Western societies were selected for adoption? Why were those aspects which were adopted selected? Similar questions were neither asked nor answered. It was recognized that Western Europe pos- sessed the dominate civilization of the time and it was seen to be natural that the non-European societies might emulate the insti- tutions, values, and practices of West European countries. After World War II, a major change occurred, encouraging a re-evaluation of the Turkish experience. This was the emergence of new countries originating from the breakdown of colonial empires. Major world powers found themselves in need of con- ceptual frameworks to give meaning to what transpired in these emergent societies and to affect the course of their development. With its history of earlier Westernization (now called modern- ization), Turkey provided an
Southeastern Europe – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1984
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