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TERRY MARTIN (Chicago, IL, U.S.A.) THE GERMAN QUESTION IN RUSSIA, 1848-1896 Russia's relations with the West occupy a significant part not only of its history, but also the formation of its identity. The ques- tion of whether Russia is, or should be, a part of Europe recurs throughout Russian. history. Given the exten.t of borrowing from the West, especially from France and Germamy, it is not surpris- ing that Russians frequently defined themselves in terms of their relation to the West. While French culture was largely imported from abroad, German culture could be abs orbed domestically. The Germans formed the most influential European minority within Russia. Already, in Muscovite Russia, the generic term for foreigner was Nemets ('mute', one who does not speak Russian), a term which soon : was applied exclusively to Germans. During Peter's reign, Germans rose to dominant posi- tions in trade, science, and government. Peter conquered and ab- sorbed the Baltic German nobility, invited tGerman tradesmen, officers and scientists to Russia, and initiated the Romanov pol- icy of German marriages. In the reign of Catherine II, herself a German princess, thousands of German farmers were settled on the Volga and along the Black Sea
Russian History – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1991
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