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TRANSLA TIONS/TRADUCTIONS HUGH F. GRAHAM (Bakersfield, Calif., U.S.A.), translator and editor PAUL JUUSTEN'S MISSION TO MUSCOVY In 1569 a delegation led by Paul Juusten, Bishop of Abo (now Turku), left Sweden for Russia not to return until early 1572 after an extraordinary odys- sey. It is necessary to sketch the background to the dispatch of this embassy; it was a product of a highly complicated series of events. The collapse of the Livonian Order in the middle of the sixteenth century aroused the powers along the Baltic littoral to vie for mastery of the knights' legacy. Besides the traditional rivals, Poland and Denmark, Sweden launched that country's first bid for empire while Ivan the Terrible moved Russia into the international arena when he began the Livonian War in 1558. The eco- nomic motive behind the sudden burst of activity on the part of the powers was the trade burgeoning between Russia and Western Europe, which was highly profitable to those in a position to participate in it. Denmark, Poland, the Hanse towns including above all Lübeck, and now Sweden were all anx- ious to manipulate this trade whereas Ivan desired to break free from their tutelage by acquiring
Russian History – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1986
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