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- Publisher
- Brill
- Copyright
- Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ISSN
- 0094-3037
- eISSN
- 1876-3308
- DOI
- 10.1163/187633010X535477
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
This article examines the life and political career of Iván Héjjas, one of the most important paramilitary leaders in counterrevolutionary Hungary. The essay sheds additional light on the conflict-ridden relationship between the politicians of the radical right and the members of the conservative authoritarian elite during the interwar period. It portrays right radicalism in Hungary as a political cul-de-sac , which helped prepare the ground for the emergence of the Arrow Cross and similar movements in the 1930s, but did not lead directly to fascism. The articles examines the rise of paramilitary violence in the Hungarian countryside, analyzes the social composition and organizational and motivational structure of rural militias and the role of charismatic leaders. Finally, the article compares Héjjas to other fascist leaders, such as Balbo and Mussolini, and highlights both personal and political structural reasons for his failure to successfully imitate their example.
Journal
East Central Europe – Brill
Published: Mar 25, 2010
Keywords: interwar Hungary; Kecskemét; Iván Héjjas; Pál Prónay; militias; paramilitary groups; radical right; fascism; counterrevolution