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The Ottoman World, the Mediterranean and North Africa, 1660–1760 contains fourteen articles published between 2000 and 2009. The first six are about Turkish matters in the last years of the seventeenth century—a crucial period for the Ottoman Empire in its relations with Europe. The invincibility of the Ottoman armies, which had suffered no significant defeat at western hands since the battle of Lepanto in 1571, was at last called into doubt after the Austro-Polish victory at the gates of Vienna in 1683, and, in the years that followed, the great empire started to recede as Christian armies gradually advanced east and south. The first of Heywood’s articles is on the precise dating of the Chyhryn (or Çehrin) campaign in July 1678. The event, which took place in what is now central Ukraine, marked a triumph for the Ottomans but it also, in Heywood’s words, “occasioned the first direct hostilities between Russian and Ottoman armies which, with hindsight, can be seen to have opened the way to two centuries of Russian advance and Ottoman withdrawal in the northern Black Sea region.” Heywood’s study brings out the problems of establishing the Gregorian equivalents of Ottoman dates partly due to the
Church History and Religious Culture (formerly Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis) – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2014
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