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1. Introduction At the end of the 20th century the international system' is the subject of profound and fundamental changes.2 Some actors, like non-governmental organizations3 and the individual4 are becoming more and more important, while others must necessarily adapt to the challenges of the new international order. The latter is the case for the still most important subject of international law, the nation State.5 This change is due to specific reasons, as it did not come about accidentally but is rather the result of structural changes in the international system. Generally speaking, one could describe the new trend of statehood as a tendency towards opening up to international cooperation, a process which already became obvious at the end of the 19th century and continued into the 20th century.6 It is most prominently highlighted by the establishment of the two universal international organizations, the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945. This was the result of a growing awareness of states' disability to adequately cover and fulfil tasks which by their very nature were and are international in character. Today, we are even more intensively confronted with a need for international cooperation since challenges like
Austrian Review of International and European Law Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1997
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