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The First-Century Concept of Hiğra

The First-Century Concept of Hiğra THE FIRST-CENTURY CONCEPT OF HI � RA* BY PATRICIA CRONE N SOURCES for the first century of Islamic history, the word higra I is used of two different types of emigration. Most commonly, it refers to emigration from Mecca to Medina in the time of the Prophet: this is the classical meaning of the word. But at other times it stands for emigration from Medina and other parts of Arabia to garrison cities in the conquered lands after the Prophet's s death, which is not classical usage. Participants in both types of emigration are known as muhagirun. How are the two meanings of the word related? Most scholars undoubtedly envisage the classical meaning as original and the non-classical usage as a later development. "Hijra no longer meant Flight, but emigration (with wife and children) to a military and political centre in order to serve there", as Wellhausen says with reference to the post-conquest period 1. In a recent study Madelung adopts the same view and traces the non- classical usage to 'Umar: "The duty of hyra acquired renewed, if changed, significance with the expansion of Islam after the death of Muhammad" ; reaffirmed by the caliph ?Umar, the http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arabica Brill

The First-Century Concept of Hiğra

Arabica , Volume 41 (3): 352 – Jan 1, 1994

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Publisher
Brill
Copyright
© 1994 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
ISSN
0570-5398
eISSN
1570-0585
DOI
10.1163/157005894X00029
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

THE FIRST-CENTURY CONCEPT OF HI � RA* BY PATRICIA CRONE N SOURCES for the first century of Islamic history, the word higra I is used of two different types of emigration. Most commonly, it refers to emigration from Mecca to Medina in the time of the Prophet: this is the classical meaning of the word. But at other times it stands for emigration from Medina and other parts of Arabia to garrison cities in the conquered lands after the Prophet's s death, which is not classical usage. Participants in both types of emigration are known as muhagirun. How are the two meanings of the word related? Most scholars undoubtedly envisage the classical meaning as original and the non-classical usage as a later development. "Hijra no longer meant Flight, but emigration (with wife and children) to a military and political centre in order to serve there", as Wellhausen says with reference to the post-conquest period 1. In a recent study Madelung adopts the same view and traces the non- classical usage to 'Umar: "The duty of hyra acquired renewed, if changed, significance with the expansion of Islam after the death of Muhammad" ; reaffirmed by the caliph ?Umar, the

Journal

ArabicaBrill

Published: Jan 1, 1994

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