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© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2007 Arabica , tome LIV,4 Also available online – www.brill.nl 1 Thomas Eich, Ab ù l-Hud à l- Í ayy à d ì : Eine Studie zur Instrumentalisierung su fi scher Netzwerke und genealogishcer Kontroversen in spätosmanischen Reich , Berlin, 2003. NOTES ET DOCUMENTS AB Ù L-HUD À L- Í AYY À D Ì AND THE RISE OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM by ITZCHAK WEISMANN University of Haifa Late Ottoman history was a seminal period in the formation of the modern Middle East. Under the growing pressure of Western colo- nialism during that time the modern State was consolidated; Turkish and Arab nationalism as well as Islamic modernism and fundamental- ism made their appearance in the public sphere; and new forms of interaction between government and society were explored at the side of what Albert Hourani has described as “the politics of notables.” A critical point in this period of transition was the long reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876-1909), who combined acceleration of the mod- ernizing project of the Tan Ωì m à t with a personal autocratic rule based on the religious ideology of Pan-Islam. Opposed to him, Sala fi thinkers from the
Arabica – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2007
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