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92 2. Predictors of Cross-Cultural Variation in the Percentage of Women Employed in Europe JANE C. KRONICK and JANE LIEBERTHAL Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, U.S.A. One of the universal social changes in western European society in the latter half of the twentieth century has been the rapid increase in the employ- ment of women. While certain groups in society have maintained steady female employment throughout modern history, for instance, low-income families and the black woman in the United States from every socio-economic level, the early history of urban industrialized society has been a relegation of the middle and upper income female to a role as housewife, mother and voluntary worker. Since World War II, women have returned to paid employment in increasing numbers, with a rapid acceleration of employment among women with pre- school children in the late 1960's. In seeking to understand this phenomenon, sociologists and economists have looked at factors within society, documenting economic need as a major component and describing the lack of appropriate values on the part of government, employers and the women themselves to sup- port such employment with consequences within the dual-career family of individual fatigue and conflict. (See for instance,
International Journal of Comparative Sociology (in 2002 continued as Comparative Sociology) – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1976
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