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© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011 DOI: 10.1163/156852711X562335 Numen 58 (2011) 314–343 brill.nl/nu Classical Islamic Discourse on the Origins of Language: Cultural Memory and the Defense of Orthodoxy Mustafa Shah School of Oriental and African Studies, London University Russell Square, London WC1H OXG England ms99@soas.ac.uk Abstract Classical Islamic scholarship developed two principal theses on the subject of the ori- gin of language ( as ̣ l al-lugha ). The first of these theses, commonly referred to as tawqīf , accentuated the pre-eminent role that divine agency played in the imposition of lan- guage; axiomatic within this perspective is the view that words ( lafz ̣ pl. alfāz ̣ ) have been assigned their meanings ( ma ʿ nā pl. ma ʿ ānī ) primordially by God. Presented as something of an antithesis to this position, the second doctrine, labeled is ̣ t ̣ ilāh ̣ , predi- cates that language was established and evolved via a process of common convention and agreement: words together with their meanings were assigned by human beings, although both the doctrines of tawqīf and is ̣ t ̣ ilāh ̣ posit that the actual relationship between words and their assigned meanings remains entirely
Numen – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2011
Keywords: Mutazilites; Islam; origins of language; orthodoxy; Asharism; Arabic grammarians
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