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298 tives which they had been campaigning for peacefully as early as the 1930s. The HMB grew in strength till the early 1950s. By 1951, it had simmered down as the govern- ment reduced military presence and abuses and instituted agrarian reforms. The eight major conclusions are found in the last chapter. The first conclusion was the dramatic deterioration of the traditional patron-client relationship between the local elites (landowners) and the peasants. The ties that bind them broke. The peasants were cut-off from the people who had provided valuable protection and assistance. The ties were numerous, diffused, personal and face-to-face. The protesting villagers justified their actions in terms of such basic political issues as justice, human rights and the distribution of resources and wealth. Their bases for their claims were local customs and understanding of decent human behavior. They saw their demands as moderate, as the landed elites violated their customary obliga- tions to the "little people." Various ways to cope with the changing agrarian conditions and demands for reforms were first tried. Rebellion was the last resort. Villagers wanted to reform the tenancy system, not eliminate it, contrary to allegations in some other books. The route from
Journal of Asian and African Studies (in 2002 continued as African and Asian Studies) – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1983
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