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Bureaucratic Corruption in Nineteenth-Century China: Its Causes, Control, and Impact* Chong-chor Lau and Rance P.L. Lee Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The Ch'ing was the last imperial regime in China, lasting for over two and a half centuries, i.e. from 1644-1911.' The regime had an elaborate bureaucratic system governing the people in various regions of China. Administrative offices per- forming different functions were located at various levels of the graded authority, ranging from the central, through the provincial and prefectural, down to the county levels.2 At the top of the hierarchy was the emperor. Officials at the various levels were appointed by the emperor largely, though not entirely, on the basis of educational qualifications. Officials were expected to have personal loyalty to the emperor. Such an organizational set-up, which has been conceived by Max Weber as a form of "patrimonial bureaucracy," had existed in China for over two thousand years.3 It had contributed to the enduring stability and integration of the Chinese state until the modern era. Nevertheless, this administrative bureaucracy, like its counterparts in other countries, had been plagued by the problem of corruption since it came to existence. To delimit the scope
Asian Journal of Social Science – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1979
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