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Some Aspects of Environmental (Phenotypic) Adaptations in Fishes

Some Aspects of Environmental (Phenotypic) Adaptations in Fishes SOME ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL (PHENO- TYPIC) ADAPTATIONS IN FISHES by H. SMIT (Department of Physiology, Zoological Laboratory, University of Leiden, The Netherlands) SUMMARY This paper deals with phenotypic modifications within individual fishes, by which the fish acclimates to an alteration of an external factor. More often than not the animal has to respond to changes of various external factors and it realizes this by changing a variety of internal processes. The phenotypic adaptations can be classed according to behavioural criteria, physiological criteria (such as survival time and rate functions) and organizational level. Several examples are given of adaptations at the organismal level (lethal and preferred temperatures, thermal metabolic compensation, swimming performance, hypoxia tolerance, thermal acclimation of intake and processing of food), the organ and tissue levels (thermal acclimation in the nervous system, hypoxia adaptation of oxygen transfer to the tissues) and the molecular level (reorganization of the metabolic machinery during adaptation to hypoxia or changed temperatures). It is stressed that the physiological adaptations in individuals are primarily of ecological significance, which means that in the field of phenotypic environmental adaptation physiological and ecological insight should be matched. INTRODUCTION The term adaptation is often used in a phylogenetic sense http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Netherlands Journal of Zoology (in 2003 continued as Animal Biology) Brill

Some Aspects of Environmental (Phenotypic) Adaptations in Fishes

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Publisher
Brill
Copyright
© 1979 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
ISSN
0028-2960
eISSN
1568-542X
DOI
10.1163/002829679X00377
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

SOME ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL (PHENO- TYPIC) ADAPTATIONS IN FISHES by H. SMIT (Department of Physiology, Zoological Laboratory, University of Leiden, The Netherlands) SUMMARY This paper deals with phenotypic modifications within individual fishes, by which the fish acclimates to an alteration of an external factor. More often than not the animal has to respond to changes of various external factors and it realizes this by changing a variety of internal processes. The phenotypic adaptations can be classed according to behavioural criteria, physiological criteria (such as survival time and rate functions) and organizational level. Several examples are given of adaptations at the organismal level (lethal and preferred temperatures, thermal metabolic compensation, swimming performance, hypoxia tolerance, thermal acclimation of intake and processing of food), the organ and tissue levels (thermal acclimation in the nervous system, hypoxia adaptation of oxygen transfer to the tissues) and the molecular level (reorganization of the metabolic machinery during adaptation to hypoxia or changed temperatures). It is stressed that the physiological adaptations in individuals are primarily of ecological significance, which means that in the field of phenotypic environmental adaptation physiological and ecological insight should be matched. INTRODUCTION The term adaptation is often used in a phylogenetic sense

Journal

Netherlands Journal of Zoology (in 2003 continued as Animal Biology)Brill

Published: Jan 1, 1979

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