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REGULATION OF THE SIZE OF BIRD POPULATIONS BY MEANS OF TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOUR by H. KLOMP (Research Institute for Nature Management, Arnhem, The Netherlands) 1. INTRODUCTION It is a long-known fact that males of many bird species settle in a certain locality, the territory, which is defended against intrusion by birds of the same species and sex (HOWARD, 1920). The great diversity of bird species makes it obvious that there is an enormous variation of types of territories (NICE, 1941; ARMSTRONG, 1947). Extremes are formed by the very small nesting territories of highly colonial sea-birds, and the relatively large areas defended, e.g., by many song birds. In the latter the whole habitat is usually divided up into territories which are used for breeding, and where (nearly) all the food, both for the parents and the nestlings, is collected. Several authors have supposed that it is the latter type of territorial occupancy which limits the size of bird populations. Until very 457 recently these suppositions were all based on anecdotal observations, or on insufficient data with reference to the problem under considera- tion (MOFFAT, 1903; STEWART & ALDRICH, 1951; KALELA, 1954; HINDE, 1956; WYNNE-EDWARDS, 1962; ROWAN, 1966). As in other
Netherlands Journal of Zoology (in 2003 continued as Animal Biology) – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 1971
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